A continuous fluorometric assay employing Ac-DEVD-AMC has been developed for the measurement of caspase-3, a cysteine protease also called apopain, Yama or CPP-32. The design of this substrate Ac-DEVD-AMC was based on the substrate motif that has been use
编号：145638
CAS号：169332-61-0
单字母：Ac-DEVD-AMC
| 编号: | 145638 |
| 中文名称: | Caspase 3 (Apopain) Substrate 1m, fluorogenic |
| 英文名: | Caspase 3 (Apopain) Substrate 1m, fluorogenic |
| 英文同义词: | Apopain Substrate |
| CAS号: | 169332-61-0 |
| 单字母: | Ac-DEVD-AMC |
| 三字母: | Ac N端乙酰化封端 -AspL-天冬氨酸：aspartic acid。系统命名为(2S)-氨基-丁二酸。是编码氨基酸，又是神经递质。符号：D，Asp。D-天冬氨酸存在于多种细菌的细胞壁和短杆菌肽A中。 -GluL-谷氨酸：glutamic acid。系统命名为(2S)-氨基-戊二酸。是编码氨基酸。符号：E，Glu。D-谷氨酸存在于多种细菌的细胞壁和某些细菌杆菌肽中。 -ValL-缬氨酸：valine。系统命名为(2S)-氨基-3-甲基丁酸。是编码氨基酸。是哺乳动物的必需氨基酸。符号：V，Val。在某些放线菌素如缬霉素中存在 D-缬氨酸。 -AspL-天冬氨酸：aspartic acid。系统命名为(2S)-氨基-丁二酸。是编码氨基酸，又是神经递质。符号：D，Asp。D-天冬氨酸存在于多种细菌的细胞壁和短杆菌肽A中。 -AMC7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素 |
| 氨基酸个数: | 4 |
| 分子式: | C30H37O13N5 |
| 平均分子量: | 675.64 |
| 精确分子量: | 675.24 |
| 等电点(PI): | - |
| pH=7.0时的净电荷数: | -3 |
| 平均亲水性: | 1.875 |
| 疏水性值: | -1.58 |
| 外观与性状: | 白色粉末状固体 |
| 消光系数: | - |
| 来源: | 人工化学合成，仅限科学研究使用，不得用于人体。 |
| 纯度: | 95%、98% |
| 盐体系: | 可选TFA、HAc、HCl或其它 |
| 生成周期: | 2-3周 |
| 储存条件: | 负80℃至负20℃ |
| 标签: | AMC修饰肽 |
A continuous fluorometric assay employing Ac-DEVD-AMC has been developed for the measurement of caspase-3, a cysteine protease also called apopain, Yama or CPP-32. The design of this substrate Ac-DEVD-AMC was based on the substrate motif that has been used successfully with caspase-1, using the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage site P₁-P₄ tetrapeptide.
多肽荧光标记由于没有放射性，实验操作简单。因此，目前在生物学研究中多肽荧光标记应用非常广泛，多肽荧光标记方法与荧光试剂的结构有关系，对于有游离羧基的采用的方法与接多肽反应相同，也采用HBTU/HOBt/DIEA方法连接。 在N端标记FITC的多肽需经历环化作用来形成荧光素，通常会伴有最后一个氨基酸的去除，但当有一个间隔器如氨基己酸，或者是通过非酸性环境将目的多肽从树脂上切下来时，这种情况可避免在切割的过程中被TFA切割掉。
人们利用利用荧光标记的多肽来检测目标蛋白的活性，并将 其发展的高通量活性筛选方法应用于疾病治疗靶点蛋白的药物筛选和药物开发（例如，各种激 酶、磷酸酶、肽酶等）。
专肽生物能够提供技术成熟的各种荧光标记多肽。
下面是一些常见的多肽修饰荧光物质结构：
FITC标记
FITC(异硫氰酸荧光素)具有比较高的活性，我们公司可以通过两种方式将FITC标记于多肽 上：(1) 将FITC标记于赖氨酸（Lys）或被选择性地脱保护的鸟氨酸（ornithine）侧链氨基 上；(2) 将FITC标记于多肽N端氨基。
当在N端标记时，建议在最后一个氨基和由异硫氰酸酯与氨基反应产生的硫脲键之间引入 烷基间隔器（alkyl spacer），如氨基己酸（Ahx）。链接切割需要酸性环境，在N端标记FITC 的多肽需经历环化作用来形成荧光素，通常会伴有最后一个氨基酸的去除，但当有一个间隔器 如氨基己酸，或者是通过非酸性环境将目的肽从树脂上切下来时，这种情况可避免。空间位阻 被认为是在荧光染料前使用Ahx的主要原因，而不是为什么FITC不能直接偶联在多肽上的原因。
Ahx或b-Ala均可作为间隔器用于FITC标记的多肽上。
| 荧光修饰中文名称 | N端 | N端带有linker |
| 生物素标记多肽 | Biotin- | Biotin-Ahx- |
| 异硫氰酸荧光素 | FITC- | FITC-Ahx- |
| 5-羧基荧光素 | 5-FAM- | 5-FAM-Ahx- |
| 丹磺酰荧光素 | Dansyl- | Dansyl-Ahx- |
| 5-羧基四甲基罗丹明 | TMR- （TAMRA-） | TMR-Ahx- （TAMRA-Ahx-） |
| 多肽N端 | 多肽序列中间 | N端带有linker |
| 生物素标记多肽 | Biotin- | 多肽C端 |
| Lys(Biotin)- | -Lys(Biotin)-- | -Lys(Biotin) |
| Lys(FITC)- | -Lys(FITC)- | -Lys(FITC) |
| Lys(5-FAM)- | -Lys(5-FAM)- | -Lys(5-FAM) |
| Lys(Dansyl)- | -Lys(Dansyl)- | -Lys(Dansyl) |
| Lys(TMR)- | -Lys(TMR)- | -Lys(TMR) |
| Lys(Dnp)- | -Lys(Dnp)- | -Lys(Dnp) |
专肽常做的荧光物质的激发光波长和发射光波长。可供参考选择：
| 荧光基团 | Ex（nm） | Em（nm） | 荧光基团 | Ex（nm） | Em（nm） |
| 羟基香豆素 | 325 | 386 | R-phycoerythrin (PE) (489) | 565 | 578 |
| 丹磺酰氯 | 340 | 578 | Rhodamine Red-X | 560 | 580 |
| AMC | 345 | 445 | Tamara | 565 | 580 |
| 甲氧基香豆素 | 360 | 410 | Alexa fluor 555 | 556 | 573 |
| Alexa fluor 系列 | 345 | 442 | Alexa fluor 546 | 556 | 573 |
| 氨基香豆素 | 350 | 445 | Rox | 575 | 602 |
| Dabcyl | 453 | - | Alexa fluor 568 | 578 | 603 |
| Cy2 | 490 | 510 | Texas Red | 589 | 615 |
| FAM | 495 | 517 | Alexa fluor 594 | 590 | 617 |
| Alexa fluor 488 | 494 | 517 | Alexa fluor | 621 | 639 |
| FITC | 495 | 519 | Alexa fluor 633 | 650 | 668 |
| Alexa fluor 430 | 430 | 545 | Cy5 (625) | 650 | 670 |
| 5-FAM | 492 | 518 | Alexa fluor 660 | 663 | 690 |
| Alexa fluor 532 | 530 | 530 | Cy5.5 | 675 | 694 |
| HEX | 535 | 556 | TruRed | 490; 675 | 695 |
| 5-TAMRA | 542 | 568 | Alexa fluor 680 | 679 | 702 |
| Cy3 | 550 | 570 | Cy7 | 743 | 767 |
| TRITC | 547 | 572 | Cy3.5 | 581 |
596
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多肽Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-AMC的合成步骤：
1、合成CTC树脂：称取2.97g CTC Resin（如初始取代度约为0.41mmol/g）和1.46mmol Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH于反应器中，加入适量DCM溶解氨基酸（需要注意，此时CTC树脂体积会增大好几倍，避免DCM溶液过少），再加入3.65mmol DIPEA（Mw：129.1,d：0.740g/ml），反应2-3小时后，可不抽滤溶液，直接加入1ml的HPLC级甲醇，封端半小时。依次用DMF洗涤2次，甲醇洗涤1次，DCM洗涤一次，甲醇洗涤一次，DCM洗涤一次，DMF洗涤2次（这里使用甲醇和DCM交替洗涤，是为了更好地去除其他溶质，有利于后续反应）。得到 Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-CTC Resin。结构图如下：
2、脱Fmoc：加3倍树脂体积的20%Pip/DMF溶液，鼓氮气30分钟，然后2倍树脂体积的DMF 洗涤5次。得到 H2N-Asp(OtBu)-CTC Resin 。（此步骤脱除Fmoc基团，茚三酮检测为蓝色，Pip为哌啶）。结构图如下：
3、缩合：取3.65mmol Fmoc-Val-OH 氨基酸，加入到上述树脂里，加适当DMF溶解氨基酸，再依次加入7.31mmol DIPEA，3.47mmol HBTU。反应30分钟后，取小样洗涤，茚三酮检测为无色。用2倍树脂体积的DMF 洗涤3次树脂。（洗涤树脂，去掉残留溶剂，为下一步反应做准备）。得到Fmoc-Val-Asp(OtBu)-CTC Resin。氨基酸：DIPEA：HBTU：树脂=3：6：2.85：1（摩尔比）。结构图如下：
4、依次循环步骤二、步骤三，依次得到
H2N-Val-Asp(OtBu)-CTC Resin
Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-Val-Asp(OtBu)-CTC Resin
H2N-Glu(OtBu)-Val-Asp(OtBu)-CTC Resin
Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Val-Asp(OtBu)-CTC Resin
以上中间结构，均可在专肽生物多肽计算器-多肽结构计算器中，一键画出。
最后再经过步骤二得到 H2N-Asp(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Val-Asp(OtBu)-CTC Resin，结构如下：
5、乙酸酐反应连接：在上述树脂中，加入适当DMF后，再加入3.65mmol 乙酸酐到树脂中，再加入7.31mmol DIPEA、3.47mmol HBTU，鼓氮气反应30分钟。用2倍树脂体积的DMF 洗涤3次树脂（洗涤树脂，去掉残留溶剂，为下一步反应做准备）。 得到Ac-Asp(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Val-Asp(OtBu)-CTC Resin。 结构如下：
6、全保护切割：配置0.5%TFA/DCM溶液，溶液体积约为树脂体积的3倍。再次用DCM洗涤树脂2遍（去除残留DMF），后将配置好的溶液倒入到反应器中，反应30分钟。抽滤树脂，收集滤液（此时多肽已经从树脂上分离，存在于滤液中）。多肽序列为 Ac-Asp(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Val-Asp(OtBu)-CTC Resin。 在滤液中添加DIEPA，调PH至7-8。用饱和NaHCO3洗涤滤液，分离出DCM层溶液。可适当旋蒸DCM层溶液，减少有机溶剂。再次加入1或2倍体积的乙酸乙酯，用稀HCl溶液调PH至微酸性，将多肽从DCM层萃取到乙酸乙酯层。用饱和NaCl洗涤2次乙酸乙酯层。用无水硫酸镁吸收乙酸乙酯层的水分。通过减压旋蒸，直接将乙酸乙酯完全旋蒸掉，得到晶体状固体多肽，用于下一步C端反应。或通过减压旋蒸保留适量乙酸乙酯的溶液体积，加入冰乙醚析出 多肽，然后对多肽进行烘干操作即可用于下一步C端反应。Ac-Asp(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Val-Asp(OtBu)-COOH的结构图如下。
7、7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素反应连接：在上述树脂中，加入适当DMF后，再加入3.65mmol 7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素到树脂中，再加入7.31mmol DIPEA、3.47mmol HBTU，鼓氮气反应30分钟。用2倍树脂体积的DMF 洗涤3次树脂（洗涤树脂，去掉残留溶剂，为下一步反应做准备）。 得到 Ac-Asp(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Val-Asp(OtBu)-AMC。 结构如下：
8、切割：6倍树脂体积的切割液（或每1g树脂加8ml左右的切割液），摇床摇晃 2小时，过滤掉树脂，用冰无水乙醚沉淀滤液，并用冰无水乙醚洗涤沉淀物3次，最后将沉淀物放真空干燥釜中，常温干燥24小试，得到粗品Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-AMC。结构图见产品结构图。
切割液选择：1）TFA：H2O=95%：5%、TFA：H2O=97.5%：2.5%
2）TFA：H2O：TIS=95%：2.5%：2.5%
3）三氟乙酸：茴香硫醚：1，2-乙二硫醇：苯酚：水=87.5%：5%：2.5%：2.5%：2.5%
（前两种适合没有容易氧化的氨基酸，例如Trp、Cys、Met。第三种适合几乎所有的序列。）
9、纯化冻干：使用液相色谱纯化，收集目标峰液体，进行冻干，获得蓬松的粉末状固体多肽。不过这时要取小样复测下纯度 是否目标纯度。
10、最后总结：
杭州专肽生物技术有限公司（ALLPEPTIDE https://www.allpeptide.com）主营定制多肽合成业务，提供各类长肽，短肽，环肽，提供各类修饰肽，如：荧光标记修饰（CY3、CY5、CY5.5、CY7、FAM、FITC、Rhodamine B、TAMRA等），功能基团修饰肽（叠氮、炔基、DBCO、DOTA、NOTA等），同位素标记肽（N15、C13），订书肽（Stapled Peptide）,脂肪酸修饰肽（Pal、Myr、Ste），磷酸化修饰肽（P-Ser、P-Thr、P-Tyr），环肽（酰胺键环肽、一对或者多对二硫键环），生物素标记肽，PEG修饰肽，甲基化修饰肽
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