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(Glu⁸·⁹)-Helodermin has been isolated from the salivary gland of the Gila monster Heloderma suspectum. It consists of 35 amino acids and shares 53 and 42% homology with human pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), respectively. It was shown to have high affinity for the mammalian VIP₂ receptor and equal potency and efficacy for stimulating cAMP production compared with mammalian VIP and PACAP. Even a helodermin-preferring receptor has been described. Furthermore, immunohistochemical studies, using antibodies that did not cross-react with mammalian VIP or PACAP or other known members of the GLP-1 / VIP / PACAP peptide family suggested the existence of a mammalian homologue to (Glu⁸·⁹)-Helodermin distinct from VIP and PACAP.

Definition

The exendins are peptides that are found in the salivary secretions of the Gila monster and the Mexican Bearded Lizard, reptiles that are endogenous to Arizona and Northern Mexico. Exendin-3 is present in the salivary secretions of Heloderma horridum (Mexican Beaded Lizard), and exendin-4 is present in the salivary secretions of Heloderm suspectum (Gila monster) 1.

Related Peptides
The GLP-1 structurally related peptides exendin-4 and exendin (9-39) amide were found to act, in rat liver and skeletal muscle, as agonist and antagonist, respectively, of the GLP-1 (7-36) amide effects on glucose metabolism 2.

Discovery
In 1982, it was observed that the crude venom of the Gila monster Heloderma suspectum was a potent pancreatic secretagogue. Purification and sequencing of the active factors mediating this effect led to the discovery of the peptides helodermin and exendin-4 3.

Structural Characteristics
The exendins have some sequence similarity to several members of the glucagon-like peptide family, with the highest homology, 53%, being to GLP-1[7-36] NH2  2. An amino acid sequencing assay for peptides containing an amino-terminal histidine residue (His1) was used to isolate a 39-amino acid peptide, exendin-4, from H. suspectum venom. Exendin-4 differs from exendin-3 by two amino acid substitutions, Gly2-Glu3 in place of Ser2-Asp3, but is otherwise identical. The structural differences make exendin-4 distinct from exendin-3 in its bioactivity 4.

Mode of Action
In normal rats, exendin-4, like GLP-1 and insulin, enhanced glucose uptake. This effect, which is mediated to a certain extent by some kinases (PI3K/ PKB, p70s6k and MAPKs), may be caused by the peptide acting, at least in part, through the muscle GLP-1 receptors. Exendin-9 also stimulated the same kinases, except for PKB, but failed to modify basal glucose uptake 5. Pharmacological studies have led to reports that exendin-4 can act at GLP-1 receptors in vitro on certain insulin-secreting cells, at dispersed acinar cells from guinea pig pancreas, and at parietal cells from stomach; the peptide is also reported to stimulate somatostatin release and inhibit gastrin release in isolated stomach.
Exendin-3 and exendin-4 were reportedly found to stimulate cAMP production in, and amylase release from, pancreatic acinar cells.1

Functions
Like GLP-1 (7-36) amide, exendin-4 increased glycogen synthase activity and glucose incorporation into glycogen in both tissues and also stimulated exogenous D -glucose utilization and oxidation in muscle. These effects of GLP-1(7-36) amide and exendin-4 were inhibited by exendin (9-39) amide 2. Novel modified exendins and exendin agonists having an exendin or exendin agonist linked to one or more polyethylene glycol polymers, and related products and methods are useful, for example, in the treatment of diabetes, including Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes, in the treatment of disorders which would be benefited by agents which modulate plasma glucose levels or suppress glucagon secretion, and in the treatment of disorders which would be benefited by the administration of agents useful in modulating the rate of gastric emptying or food intake, including obesity, eating disorders, insulin-resistance syndrome, and triglyceride levels, and to treat subjects suffering from dyslipidemia. The methods are also useful for lowering plasma lipid levels, reducing cardiac risk, reducing appetite, and reducing the weight of subjects.1

References

1. Eng J, Andrews PC, Kleinman WA, Singh L, Raufman JP (1990). Purification and structure of exendin-3, a new pancreatic secretagogue isolated from Heloderma horridum venom. J Biol Chem., 265(33):20259-20262
2. Alcántara AI, Morales M, Delgado E, López-Delgado MI, Clemente F, Luque MA, Malaisse WJ, Valverde I, Villanueva-Peñacarrillo ML (1997). Exendin-4 Agonist and Exendin(9-39)amide Antagonist of the GLP-1(7-36)amide Effects in Liver and Muscle. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics., 341(1):1-7.
3. Pohl M, Wank SA (1998). Molecular cloning of the helodermin and exendin-4 cDNAs in the lizard. Relationship to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide 1 and evidence against the existence of mammalian homologues. J Biol Chem., 273(16):9778-9784.
4. Eng J, Kleinman WA, Singh L, Singh G, Raufman JP (1992). Isolation and characterization of exendin-4, an exendin-3 analogue, from Heloderma suspectum venom. Further evidence for an exendin receptor on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas. J Biol Chem., 267(11):7402-7405.
5. Sancho V, Trigo MV, González N, Valverde I, Malaisse WJ, Villanueva-Peñacarrillo ML (2005). Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 and exendins on kinase activity, glucose transport and lipid metabolism in adipocytes from normal and type-2 diabetic rats. J Mol Endocrinol., 35(1):27-38.

多肽H2N-His-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Glu-Glu-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Ser-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser-Arg-Thr-Ser-Pro-Pro-Pro-NH2的合成步骤：

1、合成MBHA树脂：取若干克的MBHA树脂（如初始取代度为0.5mmol/g）和1倍树脂摩尔量的Fmoc-Linker-OH加入到反应器中，加入DMF，搅拌使氨基酸完全溶解。再加入树脂2倍量的DIEPA，搅拌混合均匀。再加入树脂0.95倍量的HBTU，搅拌混合均匀。反应3-4小时后，用DMF洗涤3次。用2倍树脂体积的10%乙酸酐/DMF 进行封端30分钟。然后再用DMF洗涤3次，甲醇洗涤2次，DCM洗涤2次，再用甲醇洗涤2次。真空干燥12小时以上，得到干燥的树脂{Fmoc-Linker-MHBA Resin}，测定取代度。这里测得取代度为 0.3mmol/g。结构如下图：

2、脱Fmoc：取1.66g的上述树脂，用DCM或DMF溶胀20分钟。用DMF洗涤2遍。加3倍树脂体积的20%Pip/DMF溶液，鼓氮气30分钟，然后2倍树脂体积的DMF 洗涤5次。得到 H2N-Linker-MBHA Resin 。（此步骤脱除Fmoc基团，茚三酮检测为蓝色，Pip为哌啶）。结构图如下：

3、缩合：取1.49mmol Fmoc-Pro-OH 氨基酸，加入到上述树脂里，加适当DMF溶解氨基酸，再依次加入2.99mmol DIPEA，1.42mmol HBTU。反应30分钟后，取小样洗涤，茚三酮检测为无色。用2倍树脂体积的DMF 洗涤3次树脂。（洗涤树脂，去掉残留溶剂，为下一步反应做准备）。得到Fmoc-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin。氨基酸：DIPEA：HBTU：树脂=3：6：2.85：1（摩尔比）。结构图如下：

4、依次循环步骤二、步骤三，依次得到

H2N-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Glu(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Thr(tBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Ile-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Ile-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Asp(OtBu)-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

H2N-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

Fmoc-His(Trt)-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin

以上中间结构，均可在专肽生物多肽计算器-多肽结构计算器中，一键画出。

最后再经过步骤二得到 H2N-His(Trt)-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln(Trt)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-Leu-Ala-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Pro-Pro-Pro-Linker-MBHA Resin，结构如下：

5、切割：6倍树脂体积的切割液（或每1g树脂加8ml左右的切割液），摇床摇晃 2小时，过滤掉树脂，用冰无水乙醚沉淀滤液，并用冰无水乙醚洗涤沉淀物3次，最后将沉淀物放真空干燥釜中，常温干燥24小试，得到粗品H2N-His-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Glu-Glu-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gln-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Ser-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ser-Arg-Thr-Ser-Pro-Pro-Pro-NH2。结构图见产品结构图。

切割液选择：1）TFA：H2O=95%：5%

2）TFA：H2O：TIS=95%：2.5%：2.5%

3）三氟乙酸：茴香硫醚：1，2-乙二硫醇：苯酚：水=87.5%：5%：2.5%：2.5%：2.5%

（前两种适合没有容易氧化的氨基酸，例如Trp、Cys、Met。第三种适合几乎所有的序列。）

6、纯化冻干：使用液相色谱纯化，收集目标峰液体，进行冻干，获得蓬松的粉末状固体多肽。不过这时要取小样复测下纯度 是否目标纯度。

7、最后总结：

杭州专肽生物技术有限公司（ALLPEPTIDE https://www.allpeptide.com）主营定制多肽合成业务，提供各类长肽，短肽，环肽，提供各类修饰肽，如：荧光标记修饰（CY3、CY5、CY5.5、CY7、FAM、FITC、Rhodamine B、TAMRA等），功能基团修饰肽（叠氮、炔基、DBCO、DOTA、NOTA等），同位素标记肽（N15、C13），订书肽（Stapled Peptide）,脂肪酸修饰肽（Pal、Myr、Ste），磷酸化修饰肽（P-Ser、P-Thr、P-Tyr），环肽（酰胺键环肽、一对或者多对二硫键环），生物素标记肽，PEG修饰肽，甲基化修饰肽等。

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