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蛙速激肽 A 是一种两栖类速激肽多肽，含保守 FXGLM 基序。序列特征支持受体识别所需的延伸构象；芳香族残基稳定生物活性构象。用于神经肽受体定位与速激肽比较研究。

Ranatachykinin A is an amphibian tachykinin peptide containing the conserved FXGLM motif. Sequence features support extended conformations for receptor recognition. Aromatic residues stabilize its bioactive configuration. The peptide is used in neuropeptide receptor mapping and comparative tachykinin studies.

Definition

Bombesin is a polypeptide that is found in the brain and gastrointestinal tract. Experimentally it has shown to cause the secretion of various substances (as gastrin and cholecystokinin) and to inhibit intestinal motility.

Discovery

Bombesin was isolated from the skin of the frog Bombina bonmina by Anastasi and team in 19711.

Classification

Bombesin-like peptides are grouped into three families -  1) Bombesin group, viz., bombesin and alytesin, 2) Ranatensin group viz., ranatensins, litorin, and Rohdei litorin, 3) Phyllolitorin group viz., Leu(8)- and Phe(8)-phyllolitorins.

Structural characteristics

Bombesin is a small peptide of 14 amino acids.

Mode of action

The biological activity of bombesin is mediated by binding to specific receptors viz., gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR; called also BB2 receptor), neuromedin B receptor (NMBR; called also BB1 receptor) and bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3; called also BB3 receptor). Bombesin induce Ca2+ release from intracellular stores2.

Functions

Bombesin and bombesin-like factors show a wide spectrum of biological activities. It regulates the contraction of smooth muscle cells, induction of the secretion of neuropeptides and hormones. It is one of the most powerful substances showing anorexic effects in the hypothalamus. It induces the release of gastrin and cholecystokinin in the intestines and the pancreas. They also posses activities of cytokines.

References

1.     Anastasi A, Erspamer V, Bucci M (1971). Isolation and structure of bombesin and alytesin, 2 analogous active peptides from the skin of the European amphibians Bombina and Alytes. Experientia., 27(2):166-167.

2.     Wang JL, Kalyanaraman S, Vivo MD, Gautam N (1996). Bombesin and thrombin affect discrete pools of intracellular calcium through different G-proteins. Biochem J., 320:87-91.