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"Peptide H-LTSELPGWLQANRHVKPTGS-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. Recent citations using H-LTSELPGWLQANRHVKPTGS-OH include the following: Induction of autonomous memory alveolar macrophages requires T cell help and is critical to trained immunity Y Yao, M Jeyanathan , S Haddadi , NG Barra - Cell, 2018 - cell.comhttps://www.cell.com/cell/pdf/S0092-8674(18)31254-6.pdf Differential biodistribution of adenoviral-vectored vaccine following intranasal and endotracheal deliveries leads to different immune outcomes V Jeyanathan , S Afkhami , MR DAgostino - Frontiers in , 2022 - frontiersin.orghttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.860399/full Improved cellular and humoral immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens after intramuscular DNA immunisation combined with muscle S Tollefsen, TE Tjelle, J Schneider , M Harboe - Vaccine, 2002 - Elsevierhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X0200289X Mucosal-pull induction of lung-resident memory CD8 T cells in parenteral TB vaccine-primed hosts requires cognate antigens and CD4 T cells S Haddadi , M Vaseghi-Shanjani , Y Yao - Frontiers in , 2019 - frontiersin.orghttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02075/full MECHANISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF THE REGULATION OF LUNG RESIDENT MEMORY T CELLS INDUCED BY TB VACCINATION STRATEGIES S Haddadi - 2018 - macsphere.mcmaster.cahttps://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/handle/11375/24123 A multi-valent vaccinia virus-based tuberculosis vaccine molecularly adjuvanted with interleukin-15 induces robust immune responses in mice PY Perera, SC Derrick, K Kolibab, F Momoi - Vaccine, 2009 - Elsevierhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X09002011 Novel chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored respiratory mucosal tuberculosis vaccine: overcoming local anti-human adenovirus immunity for potent TB protection M Jeyanathan , N Thanthrige-Don , S Afkhami - Mucosal , 2015 - nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/mi201529 Airway delivery of soluble mycobacterial antigens restores protective mucosal immunity by single intramuscular plasmid DNA tuberculosis vaccination: role of M Jeyanathan , J Mu, K Kugathasan - The Journal of , 2008 - journals.aai.orghttps://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/181/8/5618/78585 Protective immune responses to a recombinant adenovirus type 35 tuberculosis vaccine in two mouse strains: CD4 and CD8 T-cell epitope mapping and role of K RadosÃ\x8cÅ\x92evicÃ\x8cÂ\x81, CW Wieland, A Rodriguez - Infection and , 2007 - Am Soc Microbiolhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/abs/10.1128/IAI.00004-07 Age at Mycobacterium bovis BCG Priming Has Limited Impact on Anti-Tuberculosis Immunity Boosted by Respiratory Mucosal AdHu5Ag85A Immunization in a D Damjanovic, A Khera, S Afkhami , R Lai , A Zganiacz - Plos one, 2015 - journals.plos.orghttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0131175 Airway Delivery of Soluble Mycobacterial ARP Mucosal - J Immunol, 2008 - academia.eduhttps://www.academia.edu/download/71166012/5618.full.pdf"

Definition

Bacterial peptides are protein fragments which are either part of a bacterium or produced by a bacteria1.

Classification

Different classes of peptides are produced by bacteria. Some examples include, antibiotics, enterotoxins, flagellar proteins, lipoproteins and various enzymes1.

Structural Characteristics

Structural characteristics of some bacterial peptides are described below-

A)      Malaria merozoite surface peptide (MSP-1): It is synthesized as a large precursor on the surface of the bacterium Plasmodium falciparum.  Proteolytic cleavage results in the production of a 19 KDa product whose tertiary structure is maintained by disulphide bridges2.

B)     Giardia variable surface protein: This peptide is the specific conserved region of the Giardia variable surface proteins (VSPs) that are cysteine rich zinc finger proteins. VSPs differ in size and sequence, they are characterized by this highly conserved C-terminal membrane spanning region, a hydrophilic cytoplasmic tail with a conserved five amino acid CRGKA signature sequence3,4.

C)    P.falciparum liver stage antigen 3: The protein is 200Kda and is highly conserved among parasites from different geographic regions5.

Mode of action

A)     MSP-1 is known to trigger antibody response by CD4 helper T cells. It is likely that these cells bind to the C-terminal domain of MSP-12.

B)     VSPs have a conserved hydrophilic amono acid trail that is palmitoyted by palmityl tranferases upon which they are activated3,4.

C)    P. falciparum liver stage antigen 3 is a potent antigen that is recongnized by T cells5.

Functions

A)     MSP-1 is a vaccine candidate for Plasmodium falciparum infection. It triggers a CD-4 T cell response2.

B)     VSPs are necessary for survival in the environment and host infection3,4.

C)    P.falciparum stage antigen 3 is also a good candidate vaccine as it activates both T and B cell responses5.

References

1.     Gitai Z (2005). "The new bacterial cell biology: moving parts and subcellular architecture". Cell, 120 (5): 577–86.

2.     Stuart JQ and Jean L (2001). Different regions of the malaria merozoite surface protein 1 of Plasmodium chabaudi elicit distinct T-cell and antibody isotype responses. Infect Immun, 69(4): 2245–2251.

3.     Davids BJ, Reiner DS, Birkeland SR, Preheim SP, Cipriano MJ, McArthur AG, Gillin FD (2006). A New Family of Giardial Cysteine-Rich Non-VSP Protein Genes and a Novel Cyst Protein. PLoS ONE, 20,1:e44.

4.     Touz MC, Conrad JT, Nash TE (2005). A novel palmitoyl acyl transferase controls surface protein palmitoylation and cytotoxicity in Giardia lamblia. Mol Microbiol., 58 (4), 999-1011.

5.     Jean-Pierre S, Blanca LP, Karima B, Pierra D, Pierra D (2001). DNA Immunization by Plasmodium falciparum liver-stage antigen 3 induces protection against Plasmodium yoelii Sporozoite challenge. Infect Immun., 69, 1202–1206.